Alcttfzo chappbl



(N Mdel.) Y

A. GHAPPEL.

LINBARSCOPE. Y 'No. 281,020. Patented July 10 1883.

Y ATTORNEYS.

Pinks. Pxmvulwgmphgr. washington. u. C.

#www y 1o avoiding the uncertainty oi' perspective points UNITED STATES 'ATENT trice.

ALONZO CHAPPEL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW' YORK) Ll NEARSCOPE.

SPECIEICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 281,020, dated July 10, 1883.

Y Application tiled November 18, 1882. (No model.) V

^ Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Linearscope, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and improved 4instrument for obtaining the correct outline of objects and forms within the space of the intended picture, thereby taken by the unaided eye. This instrument I have named the linearscope The invention consists in the combination, with an easel, of an yadjustable subdivided frame and an additional proportionately subdivided frame hinged to the easel. The artist looks through a' sight and head rest and through the adjustable subdivided frame and sees the outlines of the pictures, crossed by the subdividing lines of the frame, and then the artist draws the outlines on a sheet placed under the hinged subdivided frame in such a manner that the outlines will be relatively in same position to the subdivisions of the hinged subdivided frame as the outlines of the objects themselves are to the subdivisions of the adjustable sight-frame.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the gures.

Figure l is a front elevation of my improved linearscope, parts being shown in perspective. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the adjustable l frame.

A frame, A, provided with a series ci' horizontal and vertical wires, a b, respectively, forming equal squares within the frame, or with a pane of glass having the lines a, b drawn thereon, is mounted adjustably on an adjust able arm, B, projecting backward from an easel, C M, of the usual construction, the said frame A being in the vertical plane. A sight and head-rest, D, curved to iit against the forehead and nose is fastened on the end of the arm B, to agree perspectively with the point of station.v Ihe said head-rest D is provided with a glass pane, J, so that the line of vision impinges on the center of the plane of the picture, and agrees perspectively with the point of sight. By means of a clamp, E, or other device, the head-rest D and the arm B can be locked in the desired position on the easel.' A frame, F, subdivided by wires in the same proportion as the frame A on the same or on alarger or smaller scale is hinged to the edge of the easel or board on the same in such a manner that the saine can be folded over the sheet L, backed on the board or canvas. The easel can be adjusted at the desired inclination by means of the rack-bar G and a catch on the rear leg. A folding chair, H, is pivoted to the bottom cross-bar oi' the front legsof the easel. The wires or lines c b in the frames A aand F are numbered, lettered, or otherwise marked correspondingly. The easel-frame is provided with an extensible top piece, K, to permit of holding a large canvas on the easel. Instead of using the `frame F, the canvas can be lined vertically and horizontally to correspond with the frame A.

The operation is as follows: The frame A is so adjusted that the desired picture appears within the outline of the same. The several points of the outlines of the objects in the picture will be determined in position by the wires or lines a b, according to their positionl in relation to the said lines or wires or inter sections of the same the said outlines are drawn on the sheet L or canvas. Absolutely true outlines are thus obtained, and the picture can be increased or reduced in size by varying the size of the squares of the frame F, or ofthe subdivisions on the canvas or sheet. Thenuinber of subdivisions must'always agree on the frames A and F. The head-rest D always i11- sures the same position of the eye of the artist as long as the outlines are being drawn. The apparatus can easily be adj usted as may be desired, and can be folded very compactlyfor transportation.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with au easel, of a frame, hinged, subdivided on the inside into quadrilateral spaces, and adapted to fold over the canvas, as shown and described.

2. The combination, with the easel C, of the adjustable sight and head-rest D, the arm B,

IOO

the subdivided frame A, and the subdivided frame F, hinged to the easel, substantially as herein shown and described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, With the easel C, of the adjustable sight and head-rest 13,1311@ arm B,

the frame A, divided into equal squares byl Wires a b, and the 'frame F, hinged to the easel,

andV also divided into equal squares Yby Wires a b, substantially, as herein shown and de- 1o scribed, and for the purpose set forth.

ALoNzo CHAPPEL. 

